Amaranthin
Amaranthin is found in cereals and cereal products. Amaranthin is a pigment from Amaranthus caudatus (love-lies-bleeding) and Amaranthus tricolor (Chinese spinach) Amaranthin has been shown to exhibit anti-viral function (PMID 9339569 ).Amaranthin belongs to the family of Betacyanins and Derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a glycoside of indolium-2-carboxylic acid attached, with the nitrogen ring of the indolium ring attached to an ethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivative. Betacyanins are red nitrogenous pigments found in certain plants, such as beetroots[1]. (Reference: [1] Betalains: properties, sources, applications, and stability – a review Azeredo (2006)).
Structure for HMDB29406 (Amaranthin)
C30H34N2O19
726.593
726.175576916
(1E)-5-({3-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)-1-{2-[(4E)-2,6-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ⁵-indol-1-ylium-2-carboxylate
(1E)-5-({3-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)-1-{2-[(4E)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ⁵-indol-1-ylium-2-carboxylate
15167-84-7
ATSKDYKYMQVTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
This compound belongs to the class of chemical entities known as betacyanins and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a glycoside of indolium-2-carboxylic acid attached, with the nitrogen ring of the indolium ring attached to an ethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivative. Betacyanins are red nitrogenous pigments found in certain plants, such as beetroots.
Chemical entities
Organic compounds
Alkaloids and derivatives
Betalains
Betacyanins and derivatives
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
Not Available
Expected but not Quantified
Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, NegativeNot Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
None
None
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
FDB000495
C00001581
3678679
C08537
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
HMDB29406
HMDB29406
Not Available
4480711
Not Available
2621
- Kwon SY, An CS, Liu JR, Paek KH: A ribosome-inactivating protein from Amaranthus viridis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Sep;61(9):1613-4. [PubMed:9339569 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme is active on polyhydroxylated estrogens (such as estriol, 4-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestriol) and xenobiotics (such as 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-aminophenol, 4-hydroxybiphenyl and menthol). It is capable of 6 alpha-hydroxyglucuronidation of hyodeoxycholic acid.
- Gene Name:
- UGT2B4
- Uniprot ID:
- P06133
- Molecular weight:
- 60512.035
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P22310
- Molecular weight:
- 60024.535
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol suggests it may play an important role in regulating the level and activity of these potent and active estrogen metabolites. Is also active with androsterone, hyodeoxycholic acid and tetrachlorocatechol (in vitro).
- Gene Name:
- UGT2B7
- Uniprot ID:
- P16662
- Molecular weight:
- 60720.15
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P22309
- Molecular weight:
- 59590.91
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A9
- Uniprot ID:
- O60656
- Molecular weight:
- 59940.495
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A6
- Uniprot ID:
- P19224
- Molecular weight:
- 60750.215
Amaranthin
Amaranthin
Amaranthin is found in cereals and cereal products. Amaranthin is a pigment from Amaranthus caudatus (love-lies-bleeding) and Amaranthus tricolor (Chinese spinach) Amaranthin has been shown to exhibit anti-viral function (PMID 9339569 ).Amaranthin belongs to the family of Betacyanins and Derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a glycoside of indolium-2-carboxylic acid attached, with the nitrogen ring of the indolium ring attached to an ethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivative. Betacyanins are red nitrogenous pigments found in certain plants, such as beetroots[1]. (Reference: [1] Betalains: properties, sources, applications, and stability – a review Azeredo (2006)).
Structure for HMDB29406 (Amaranthin)
C30H34N2O19
726.593
726.175576916
(1E)-5-({3-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)-1-{2-[(4E)-2,6-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ⁵-indol-1-ylium-2-carboxylate
(1E)-5-({3-[(6-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl}oxy)-1-{2-[(4E)-2,6-dicarboxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyridin-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1λ⁵-indol-1-ylium-2-carboxylate
15167-84-7
ATSKDYKYMQVTGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
This compound belongs to the class of chemical entities known as betacyanins and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a glycoside of indolium-2-carboxylic acid attached, with the nitrogen ring of the indolium ring attached to an ethylpyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid derivative. Betacyanins are red nitrogenous pigments found in certain plants, such as beetroots.
Chemical entities
Organic compounds
Alkaloids and derivatives
Betalains
Betacyanins and derivatives
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
Not Available
Expected but not Quantified
Not Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, NegativeNot Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
None
None
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
FDB000495
C00001581
3678679
C08537
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
HMDB29406
HMDB29406
Not Available
4480711
Not Available
2621
- Kwon SY, An CS, Liu JR, Paek KH: A ribosome-inactivating protein from Amaranthus viridis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997 Sep;61(9):1613-4. [PubMed:9339569 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGTs are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isozyme is active on polyhydroxylated estrogens (such as estriol, 4-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestriol) and xenobiotics (such as 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, 4-nitrophenol, 2-aminophenol, 4-hydroxybiphenyl and menthol). It is capable of 6 alpha-hydroxyglucuronidation of hyodeoxycholic acid.
- Gene Name:
- UGT2B4
- Uniprot ID:
- P06133
- Molecular weight:
- 60512.035
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P22310
- Molecular weight:
- 60024.535
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol suggests it may play an important role in regulating the level and activity of these potent and active estrogen metabolites. Is also active with androsterone, hyodeoxycholic acid and tetrachlorocatechol (in vitro).
- Gene Name:
- UGT2B7
- Uniprot ID:
- P16662
- Molecular weight:
- 60720.15
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P22309
- Molecular weight:
- 59590.91
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A9
- Uniprot ID:
- O60656
- Molecular weight:
- 59940.495
- General function:
- Involved in transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
- Specific function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A6
- Uniprot ID:
- P19224
- Molecular weight:
- 60750.215