Amifostine
Amifostine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia. [PubChem]The thiol metabolite is responsible for most of the cytoprotective and radioprotective properties of amifostine. It is readily taken up by cells where it binds to and detoxifies reactive metabolites of platinum and alkylating agents as well as scavenges free radicals. Other possible effects include inhibition of apoptosis, alteration of gene expression and modification of enzyme activity.
Structure for HMDB15274 (Amifostine)
C5H15N2O3PS
214.223
214.054099558
({2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethyl}slifanyl)phosphonic acid
amifostine
20537-88-6
JKOQGQFVAUAYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
This compound belongs to the class of chemical entities known as organothiophosphorus compounds. These are organic derivatives of thiophosphonic acid, thiophosphoric acid, dithiophosphoric acid, or phosphorotrithioic acid, or derivatives thereof. Thiophosphonic acid, dithiophosphoric acid, thiophosphoric acid, and phosphorotrithioic acid are thiophosphorus compounds with the formlia OP(O)(=S), OP(S)(=S)O, OP(O)(=S)O, and OP(=S)(S)S, respectively.
Chemical entities
Organic compounds
Organophosphorus compounds
Organothiophosphorus compounds
Organothiophosphorus compounds
Aliphatic acyclic compounds
Expected but not Quantified
Solid
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-5350b8c906608c1eb7e4View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0002-0900000000-bcddc871edb434e577aeView in MoNA
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0002-2900000000-58ff84f991edcac36e7dView in MoNA
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-05nb-9200000000-ef847b9b156a08e7fa17View in MoNA
LC-MS/MS Spectrum – LC-ESI-QQ , positivesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-c58215f6bca055f13ab7View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, PositiveNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 10V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 20V, NegativeNot Available
Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum – 40V, NegativeNot Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
None
None
DB01143
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
Not Available
2056
C06819
Not Available
Not Available
Amifostine
HMDB15274
HMDB15274
Not Available
2141
Not Available
2636
- Santini V, Giles FJ: The potential of amifostine: from cytoprotectant to therapeutic agent. Haematologica. 1999 Nov;84(11):1035-42. [PubMed:10553165 ]
- Xu Y, Parmar K, Du F, Price BD, Sun Y: The radioprotective agent WR1065 protects cells from radiation damage by regulating the activity of the Tip60 acetyltransferase. Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 2011;2(4):295-302. Epub 2011 Oct 20. [PubMed:22187663 ]
- Murley JS, Kataoka Y, Miller RC, Li JJ, Woloschak G, Grdina DJ: SOD2-mediated effects induced by WR1065 and low-dose ionizing radiation on micronucleus formation in RKO human colon carcinoma cells. Radiat Res. 2011 Jan;175(1):57-65. doi: 10.1667/RR2349.1. Epub 2010 Nov 8. [PubMed:21175348 ]
- Poirier MC, Olivero OA, Hardy AW, Franchini G, Borojerdi JP, Walker VE, Walker DM, Shearer GM: Antiretroviral activity of the aminothiol WR1065 against Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in vitro and Simian Immunodeficiency virus (SIV) ex vivo. AIDS Res Ther. 2009 Nov 6;6:24. doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-6-24. [PubMed:19895691 ]
- Grdina DJ, Murley JS, Miller RC, Mauceri HJ, Sutton HG, Thirman MJ, Li JJ, Woloschak GE, Weichselbaum RR: A manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2)-mediated adaptive response. Radiat Res. 2013 Feb;179(2):115-24. doi: 10.1667/RR3126.2. Epub 2012 Dec 13. [PubMed:23237540 ]
- Murley JS, Baker KL, Miller RC, Darga TE, Weichselbaum RR, Grdina DJ: SOD2-mediated adaptive responses induced by low-dose ionizing radiation via TNF signaling and amifostine. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Nov 15;51(10):1918-25. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.032. Epub 2011 Sep 3. [PubMed:21945096 ]
- Walker DM, Kajon AE, Torres SM, Carter MM, McCash CL, Swenberg JA, Upton PB, Hardy AW, Olivero OA, Shearer GM, Poirier MC, Walker VE: WR1065 mitigates AZT-ddI-induced mutagenesis and inhibits viral replication. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2009 Jul;50(6):460-72. doi: 10.1002/em.20482. [PubMed:19334055 ]
- Mereniuk TR, Maranchuk RA, Schindler A, Penner-Chea J, Freschauf GK, Hegazy S, Lai R, Foley E, Weinfeld M: Genetic screening for synthetic lethal partners of polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase: potential for targeting SHP-1-depleted cancers. Cancer Res. 2012 Nov 15;72(22):5934-44. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-0939. Epub 2012 Sep 7. [PubMed:22962271 ]
Enzymes
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- This isozyme may play a role in skeletal mineralization.
- Gene Name:
- ALPL
- Uniprot ID:
- P05186
- Molecular weight:
- 57304.435
References
- Shaw LM, Bonner H, Lieberman R: Pharmacokinetic profile of amifostine. Semin Oncol. 1996 Aug;23(4 Suppl 8):18-22. [PubMed:8783662 ]
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- Not Available
- Gene Name:
- ALPPL2
- Uniprot ID:
- P10696
- Molecular weight:
- 57376.515
References
- Capizzi RL: The preclinical basis for broad-spectrum selective cytoprotection of normal tissues from cytotoxic therapies by amifostine. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 7):3-21. [PubMed:10348255 ]
- Orditura M, De Vita F, Roscigno A, Infusino S, Auriemma A, Iodice P, Ciaramella F, Abbate G, Catalano G: Amifostine: A selective cytoprotective agent of normal tissues from chemo-radiotherapy induced toxicity (Review). Oncol Rep. 1999 Nov-Dec;6(6):1357-62. [PubMed:10523712 ]
- Santini V, Giles FJ: The potential of amifostine: from cytoprotectant to therapeutic agent. Haematologica. 1999 Nov;84(11):1035-42. [PubMed:10553165 ]
- Plasswilm L, Hanjalic A, Hoeper J, Cordes N, Tannapfel A: Microvessel density and endothelial cell proliferation after amifostine (Ethyol) administration in vivo. Anticancer Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;19(5B):4241-5. [PubMed:10628381 ]
- Buschini A, Anceschi E, Carlo-Stella C, Regazzi E, Rizzoli V, Poli P, Rossi C: Amifostine (WR-2721) selective protection against melphalan genotoxicity. Leukemia. 2000 Sep;14(9):1642-51. [PubMed:10995012 ]
- General function:
- Involved in catalytic activity
- Specific function:
- Involved primarily in ATP hydrolysis at the plasma membrane. Plays a role in regulating pyrophosphate levels, and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification. In vitro, has a broad specificity, hydrolyzing other nucleoside 5 triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate and diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3,5-cAMP to AMP. May also be involved in the regulation of the availability of nucleotide sugars in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and the regulation of purinergic signaling. Appears to modulate insulin sensitivity.
- Gene Name:
- ENPP1
- Uniprot ID:
- P22413
- Molecular weight:
- 104923.58
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]